Anemia

The deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin causes anemia. The reduced amount of red blood cells decreases the transport of oxygen to the body. Oxygen deficiency causes shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness, which are common symptoms of anemia.

Nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or genetic disorders are the main causes of anemia. Although it affects individuals of all ages, older age individuals and pregnant women are at higher risk of developing anemia. For the effective management of anemia and prevention of further complications, early diagnosis, and immediate treatment are crucial.

Symptoms Of Anemia

Anemia appears with a variety of symptoms depending on the severity and root cause of the condition. A few common symptoms are:

• Fatigue: The common symptom of anemia is fatigue. An insufficient supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues reduces energy levels. It causes continuous tiredness.
• Pale Skin: Due to the reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, skin loses its healthy color. It often appears pale.
• Shortness of Breath: Due to an insufficient supply of oxygen, the body continuously struggles to get enough oxygen. It causes shortness of breath, especially during physical activity, and it causes difficulty in breathing.
• Dizziness: Lightheadedness or dizziness occurs because the brain receives less oxygen. It causes a sensation of unsteadiness or faintness.
• Cold Hands and Feet: Poor circulation of oxygen leads to cold hands and feet. The decreased oxygen transport makes the extremities feel cold.
• Headaches: The decreased oxygen levels in the blood cause headaches. It leads to tension and pain in the head.
• Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations or irregular heartbeat occur because the heart works harder to pump oxygen-poor blood. It causes abnormal heart rhythms.

When to See a Doctor

If you are continuously experiencing fatigue, shortness of breath, or pale skin, you should immediately consult with a healthcare provider. Timely diagnosis and immediate treatment are essential for managing and preventing further complications. At Fitwell Hub, experienced doctors are available to provide you with complete care and guide you through the essential treatments. 

Ready to take the first step toward a healthier, happier you? Book an appointment with us today, and let our experts guide you on your wellness journey! 

Causes

It is caused by multiple factors. A few common causes of anemia are:

• Nutritional Deficiencies: A deficiency of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid disturbs the production of healthy red blood cells.
• Chronic Diseases: Chronic diseases like diabetes, kidney disease, and cancer disrupt red blood cell production. It results in premature production of red blood cells.
• Genetic Disorders: Inherited diseases may also cause it. For example, sickle cell or thalassemia affects the structure and function of hemoglobin, leading to chronic anemia.
• Blood Loss: Continuous blood loss, from internal bleeding, injury, or surgery, can reduce the body’s red blood cell number.
• Bone Marrow Disorders: Leukemia or aplastic anemia affects the bone marrow, disturbing the production of red blood cells and causing.
• Autoimmune Conditions: Lupus is an autoimmune disease. It causes the immune system to attack and destroy red blood cells, decreasing their numbers and leading.
• Infections: Some chronic infections can also cause anemia by affecting red blood cell production or increasing their destruction.

Risk Factors

A few common risk factors are: 

• Age: Older age individuals are more susceptible to developing due to poor nutrition, chronic illnesses, and reduced red blood cell production with aging.
• Pregnancy: During pregnancy the risk increases, because the body requires more iron and nutrients to increase blood volume and support the growing fetus.

Complications

Untreated anemia can cause severe complications. Some potential complications are:

• Severe Fatigue and Weakness: Severe anemia causes extreme fatigue and weakness. It causes difficulty in performing daily life activities and reduces the overall quality of life.
• Heart Problems: In severe cases, the heart has to work harder to deliver oxygen. It causes heart problems or even heart failure.
• Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight: Due to anemia in pregnant women, the risk of premature birth and low birth weight increases. It affects the health of the newborn.
• Cognitive Impairment: Chronic anemia can also disrupt cognitive function. It causes difficulties in concentration, memory, and overall mental performance, disturbing daily life and work.

Prevention

Treating its main causes, especially nutritional deficiencies, can prevent it:

1- Balanced Diet

To prevent this, eat a balanced diet rich in iron, Vitamin B12, and folic acid. Lean meats, beans, leafy greens, and fortified cereals should be a major and compulsory part of your diet.

2- Regular Screening

For early detection, regular screening is crucial. It allows timely treatment. Doctors use routine blood tests to identify anemia before symptoms worsen, helping in immediate treatment and effective management.

3- Managing Chronic Conditions

Properly managing chronic conditions like diabetes or gastrointestinal diseases can prevent anemia. Effective control of the conditions causing anemia can reduce the risk of complications.

4- Iron Supplements During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, use iron supplements to prevent. These supplements enrich the body with nutrients and increase blood volume. They increase sufficient iron levels to support both maternal health and fetal development.

At Fitwell Hub, our Smart Clinics offer specialized programs to help you maintain a balanced diet and prevent anemia. Visit our help page to learn more about our innovative healthcare services and personalized programs.

Diagnosis

A series of tests identify the cause and extent of the condition for the diagnosis:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): The CBC test measures levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in the blood to evaluate.
• Iron Studies: The iron studies test studies serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). It identifies whether the iron deficiency is causing the anemia.
• Vitamin B12 and Folate Tests: These tests measure levels of vitamin B12 and folate to check for deficiencies causing anemia.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: This test evaluates the bone marrow’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells in cases where the causes of anemia are ambiguous.

At Fitwell Hub, our laboratory provides comprehensive diagnostic tests to help identify the causes of anemia. Visit our lab for more information.

Treatment

To treat anemia, the following methods are:

• Iron Supplements: Iron supplements are used to compensate for iron deficiency. For this purpose, oral iron supplements are generally used to restore normal levels of iron in the body.
• Vitamin B12 and Folate Supplements: These supplements are used if anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate. These supplements overcome the deficiency and reduce the symptoms.
• Blood Transfusions: Blood transfusions are crucial in severe cases to quickly increase the number of red blood cells in the body.
• Medications for Chronic Conditions: Medications are used to treat anemia associated with chronic diseases. By treating the main causes, is effectively managed. 

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Medications

Depending upon the type and underlying causes of anemia, the following medications are used: 

• Iron Supplements (Ferrous Sulfate): Ferrous sulfate is an oral iron supplement. It is used to treat anemia caused by iron deficiency. These supplements recharge iron stores and increase hemoglobin levels.
• Vitamin B12 Injections: Injections of vitamin B12 are used for individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. These injections are crucial, particularly if absorption is disturbed. 
• Folic Acid Supplements: These supplements are used to compensate for the deficiency of folate. They produce healthy red blood cells.
• Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs): These medications are used to trigger the production of red blood cells. These are helpful in patients with chronic & acute kidney disease or undergoing chemotherapy.
• Chelation Therapy for Iron Overload: If the iron concentration exceeds, then chelation therapy is used. During this procedure, extra iron is removed from the body. It also prevents damage to organs.

At Fitwell Hub, our pharmacy provides a wide range of medications for treating and related conditions. Visit our pharmacy to explore available options and consult with our experts.

Frequently Ask Questions (FAQ’s)